Activity 2.2– Mechanical Gears

 

Purpose

 

What do a bicycle, eggbeater, and Polaris pool cleaner have in common? They all use gears to increase, decrease, or redirect power. Gears come in all sizes. A mechanical wind-up watch has very small gears, while the gears used to lift a bridge to allow ships to pass underneath are huge. There are different gear configurations that are used for different purposes.

 

In this activity, you are going to build ten different gear assemblies and observe how they are used. This information is going to come in handy when your class designs and builds its automated factory assembly line.

 

Equipment

 

·   Engineering notebook

·   Fischertechnik base plate

·   Fischertechnik parts

·   Digital camera

 

Procedure

Complete the following assemblies using the Fischertechnik kit provided. You may vary from the original design as long as the finished product still performs the same desired outcome. Have your teacher initial your checklist after you complete each assembly, and then answer the questions beside the diagram in your engineering notebook before going on to the next mechanism.

 

If you are provided with a digital camera, take pictures of each of your completed assemblies and place them in your notebook.

 

 


 

Universal Joint

What is the angular range between the input shaft and the output shaft in which this mechanism will work?

Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant?

Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant?

What is the speed ratio of the input shaft to the output shaft?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?]

Does the input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft?

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.askjeeves.com and use keywords: universal joint.

 

 

 

 

Bevel Gear Assembly

What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft?

Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? 

Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant?

What is the gear ratio?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?]

Does the input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft?

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: bevel gear.

 

 

 


 

Crown and Pinion

What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft?

Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? 

Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant?

What is the gear ratio?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?]

Does the input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft?

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: gears.

 

 

 

 

Rack and Pinion

What is the type of input movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear)

What is the type of output movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear)

What distance does the rack move with one revolution of the crank?

If the diameter of the pinion gear were increased,

would the rack move a shorter or longer distance?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the

input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?]

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: rack & pinion.

 

 

 


 

Worm and Wheel

What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft?

Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant?

Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant?

What is the gear ratio?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?]

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: worm gear.

 

 

 

 

Leadscrew

What is the type of input movement?

(Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear)

What is the type of output movement?

(Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear)

How many revolutions of the crank are needed to move the screwblock 1 inch?

Is the flow of power reversible?

[Can you make the leadscrew turn by pushing the screwblock?]

Which is multiplied? Force or speed?

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: leadscrew.

 

 

 


 

Cam and Follower

What is the type of input movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear)

What is the type of output movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear)

How many times does the follower move up and down with one revolution of the crank?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the crank turn by pushing the follower?]

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: camshaft.

 

 

 

 

Simple Gear with Idler

What is the position of the input shaft compared to the output shaft?

Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant?

Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant?

What is the gear ratio?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?]

Compare the direction of travel between the input and output gears.

Predict what the direction of travel would be between the input and output gears if the idler gear is eliminated from the mechanism.

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: gears.

 

 

 


 

Pulley and belt

What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft?

Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant?

Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant?

What is the input to output ratio?

Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?]

Does the input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft?

List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: pulley.

 

 

 

 

Crank and slider

The input to this system is what type of motion? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear)

The output of this system is what type of motion? (Rotary, Reciprocating, or Linear)

How far does the slider move with each revolution of the crank?

If the diameter of the crank gear were increased, would the slider move a shorter or longer distance?

Is the flow of power reversible? (Can you make the crank gear turn by pushing the slider?)

List an example of where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: crank and slider.

 

 


 

Conclusion

 

1.      Which gear assemblies increased speed?

 

 

 

 

 

2.      Which gear assemblies increased torque?

 

 

 

 

 

3.      Which gear assemblies allow the reversal of power?

 


 

Mechanisms Checklist

 

Mechanism

Assembly

Summary Chart

Universal Joint

 

 

Bevel Gear

 

 

Crown & Pinion Gear

 

 

Rack & pinion Gear

 

 

Worm & Wheel

 

 

Leadscrew

 

 

Cam & Follower

 

 

Simple Gear Train with Idler

 

 

Pulley & Belt

 

 

Crank & Slider

 

 

Challenge Mechanism