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Activity 2.2– Mechanical Gears
Purpose
What do a bicycle, eggbeater, and Polaris pool cleaner have in common? They all use gears to increase, decrease, or redirect power. Gears come in all sizes. A mechanical wind-up watch has very small gears, while the gears used to lift a bridge to allow ships to pass underneath are huge. There are different gear configurations that are used for different purposes.
In this activity, you are going to build ten different gear assemblies and observe how they are used. This information is going to come in handy when your class designs and builds its automated factory assembly line.
Equipment
· Engineering notebook
· Fischertechnik base plate
· Fischertechnik parts
· Digital camera
Procedure
Complete the following assemblies using the Fischertechnik kit provided. You may vary from the original design as long as the finished product still performs the same desired outcome. Have your teacher initial your checklist after you complete each assembly, and then answer the questions beside the diagram in your engineering notebook before going on to the next mechanism.
If you are provided with a digital camera, take pictures of each of your completed assemblies and place them in your notebook.
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Universal Joint What is the angular range between the input shaft and the output shaft in which this mechanism will work? Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant? What is the speed ratio of the input shaft to the output shaft? Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?] Does the input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft? List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.askjeeves.com and use keywords: universal joint. |
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Bevel Gear Assembly What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft? Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant? What is the gear ratio? Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?] Does the input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft? List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: bevel gear. |
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Crown and Pinion What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft? Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant? What is the gear ratio? Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?] Does the input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft? List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: gears. |
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Rack and Pinion What is the type of input movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear) What is the type of output movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear) What distance does the rack move with one revolution of the crank? If the diameter of the pinion gear were increased, would the rack move a shorter or longer distance? Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?] List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: rack & pinion. |
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Worm and Wheel What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft? Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant? What is the gear ratio? Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?] List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: worm gear. |
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Leadscrew What is the type of input movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear) What is the type of output movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear) How many revolutions of the crank are needed to move the screwblock 1 inch? Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the leadscrew turn by pushing the screwblock?] Which is multiplied? Force or speed? List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: leadscrew. |
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What is the type of input movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear) What is the type of output movement? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear) How many
times does the follower move up and down with one revolution of the
crank? Is the
flow of power reversible? [Can you make the crank turn by pushing the
follower?] List an
example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com
and use keyword: camshaft. |
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Simple Gear with Idler What is the position of the input shaft compared to the output shaft? Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant? What is the gear ratio? Is the flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning the output shaft?] Compare the direction of travel between the input and output gears. Predict what the direction of travel would be between the input and output gears if the idler gear is eliminated from the mechanism. List an example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: gears. |
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Pulley and
belt What is the angle of the input shaft compared to the output shaft? Is the speed increased, decreased, or constant? Is the torque increased, decreased, or constant? What is the input to output ratio? Is the
flow of power reversible? [Can you make the input shaft turn by turning
the output shaft?] Does the
input shaft turn in the same direction as the output shaft? List an
example where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com
and use keyword: pulley. |
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Crank and slider The input to this system is what type of motion? (Rotary, Reciprocating or Linear) The output of this system is what type of motion? (Rotary, Reciprocating, or Linear) How far does the slider move with each revolution of the crank? If the diameter of the crank gear were increased, would the slider move a shorter or longer distance? Is the flow of power reversible? (Can you make the crank gear turn by pushing the slider?) List an example of where this mechanism might be used. For help, go to www.howstuffworks.com and use keyword: crank and slider. |
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Conclusion
1. Which gear assemblies increased speed?
2. Which gear assemblies increased torque?
3. Which gear assemblies allow the reversal of power?
Mechanisms Checklist
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Mechanism |
Assembly |
Summary Chart |
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Universal Joint |
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Bevel Gear |
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Crown & Pinion Gear |
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Rack & pinion Gear |
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Worm & Wheel |
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Leadscrew |
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Cam & Follower |
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Simple Gear Train with Idler |
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Pulley & Belt |
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Crank & Slider |
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Challenge Mechanism |
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